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The base of the tower crane is usually bolted to a huge concrete pad which provides very necessary support. The base is connected to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is connected to the inside of the building's structure. Normally, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
The crane's mast is normally a triangulated lattice structure which measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a gear and a motor that allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kg or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of twenty tons. Additionally, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even one more safety feature referred to as a load moment switch to ensure that the driver does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Finally, the tower crane has a maximum reach of two hundred thirty feet or seventy meters.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure will first have to be brought to the construction site by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. After that, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the machinery portion of the jib and the crane. These parts are then connected to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be a few of the other industrial equipment which is commonly used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane could match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. Once complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. Then, the driver of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into position another mast section piece.
Operating a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Before utilizing the equipment, perform a pre-shift inspection. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists need to be carried out every day or each shift. Each different machinery along with its attachments has its own checklist listing brakes, steering, lights, emergency brakes, controls, horn and safety features.
2 When starting up the machine and check the controls, it is essential to make sure that the seatbelt is fixed firmly and the seat has been adjusted for your maximum comfort. Look beneath the machine after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of every type of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation as opposed to a regular vehicle. The rear end swing of the forklift happens because of the fact that the truck steers with its rear wheels. Forgetting this detail is a major reasons for accidents and injuries to workers. The almost ninety-degree turn from the front wheels must be performed with great caution. These top-heavy machines have a high center of gravity even without a load. When lifting or transporting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks close to the ground when traveling. Use caution when approaching loads. Be sure the forks line up properly with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is required, tilting it back to help stabilize the machinery. Only drive backwards if the load is very bulky that it obstructs driver vision.
5 Before loading and unloading, check the wheels on trailers/trucks. When carrying a load, it is not advised to travel on slopes. The machinery could tip over on a slope. When driving on a slope is necessary, always drive up the incline and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The driver must be firmly in control all the time. The primary cause of operator injuries is tip-over. The driver should never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest way is to lean away from the direction of fall while gripping the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
