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A torque converter in modern usage, is commonly a fluid coupling that is utilized to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, like for instance an internal combustion engine or an electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. Same as a basic fluid coupling, the torque converter takes the place of a mechanized clutch. This allows the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a substantial difference between input and output rotational speed.
The most common kind of torque converter utilized in auto transmissions is the fluid coupling model. In the 1920s there was likewise the Constantinesco or otherwise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are different mechanical designs used for constantly variable transmissions that have the ability to multiply torque. For instance, the Variomatic is a version that has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive which could not multiply torque. A torque converter has an extra component which is the stator. This alters the drive's characteristics all through occasions of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
Within a torque converter, there are at least of three rotating components: the turbine, so as to drive the load, the impeller that is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the impeller and the turbine so that it can change oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under whatever condition and this is where the term stator begins from. In point of fact, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still allowing forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been changes that have been incorporated sometimes. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is needed, adjustments to the modifications have proven to be worthy. More often than not, these modifications have taken the form of many turbines and stators. Each set has been intended to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Several instances consist of the Dynaflow which uses a five element converter in order to generate the wide range of torque multiplication considered necessary to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different auto converters comprise a lock-up clutch to reduce heat and to enhance the cruising power and transmission effectiveness, although it is not strictly part of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
